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Pedagogical agents are animated characters embedded within an e-learning environment to facilitate learning. With the growing understanding of the complex interplay between emotions and cognition, there is a need to design agents that can provide believable simulated emotional interactions with the learner. Best practices from the animation industry could be used to improve the believability of the agents. A well-known best practice is that the movements of limbs/torso/head play the most important role in conveying the character's emotion, followed by eyes/face and lip sync, respectively, in a long/medium shot. The researchers' study tested the validity of this best practice using statistical methods. It investigated the contribution of 3 body channels (torso/limbs/head, face, speech) to the expression of 5 emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise) in a stylized agent in a full body shot. Findings confirm the biggest contributor to the perceived believability of the animated emotion is the character's body, followed by face and speech respectively, across 4 out of 5 emotions. 

Building information modeling (BIM) is facilitating a procedural change for the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry to share information in all the phases of the life cycle of a building. It possesses great advantages in designing, analyzing, and documenting all physical and functional information of a building and construction project. Structural analysis is an integral part of the life cycle phases of building construction projects. The information needed for structural analysis originates from the architectural model, but the architectural model can be created without much consideration of structural analysis. Software tools used by architects and structural engineers are usually different and sustain information inconsistency and or missing information leading to software interoperability problems. As the first step towards addressing this issue, in this paper, the authors conducted a preliminary literature review in order to identify topics and trends on the BIM interoperability problem with a focus on the structural analysis domain, from both the theoretic perspective and the application perspective. Structural analysis is performed and discussed in the following sections to demonstrate interoperability problems and propose possible solutions.